An airplane can be under max gross weight and still be dangerous - understanding the CG envelope, especially the aft limit, is essential preflight knowledge.
Maneuvering speed (Va) decreases as your aircraft gets lighter - learn the correct formula, what Va actually protects, and how to build a proper turbulence response drill.
Weight and balance is two independent checks - and understanding the CG envelope tells you exactly how your aircraft will behave from rotation to touchdown.
The FAA raised BasicMed's weight limit to 12,500 lbs and passenger cap to six, letting pilots fly bigger airplanes and more people without a third-class medical.
Two Lufthansa 747s made overweight landings within 24 hours - here's what that means structurally, operationally, and why the post-landing inspection is the real story.