FAR 91.175 requires three conditions before you can descend below DA or MDA and land off an instrument approach - here's what they are.
PatternLearn to read instrument approach plate symbols - from the maltese cross to the barb - and why chart fluency keeps IFR pilots alive.
TowerLearn how to fly the parallel holding entry with confidence - when it applies, the exact steps, and why that backwards-feeling turn keeps you protected.
TowerA cruise clearance gives IFR pilots a block of altitude plus pre-authorization to fly the approach and land at their destination.
TowerWhat you must see at decision height to land off an ILS to minimums - and the approach light rule pilots forget.
TowerPIREPs are firsthand pilot weather observations that reveal what forecasts miss - here's how to read, find, and file them.
PatternSpecial VFR lets pilots legally operate in below-minimum weather with just 1 mile visibility - but night restrictions and NO SVFR airports catch many pilots off guard.
Pattern