FAR 61.57 requires three takeoffs and three landings within the preceding 90 days to legally carry passengers, with separate and stricter rules for night flying, tailwheel aircraft, and instrument operations.
FAR 61.57 sets legal minimums for carrying passengers and flying IFR, but currency and proficiency are not the same thing - and that gap is where accidents happen.
The AOPA Foundation's Rusty Pilots program has returned 15,000 lapsed aviators to active flying since 2013, offering a structured path back to currency for pilots who stepped away.