On October 21, 1928, seventeen-year-old Elinor Smith flew under all four East River bridges solo, becoming one of aviation's most skilled and overlooked record-setters.
Before the Spirit of St. Louis, Charles Lindbergh spent two years barnstorming the Midwest in a surplus Curtiss Jenny, earning two dollars a ride and building the instincts that would cross the Atlantic.
Ormer Locklear invented wing walking as a maintenance fix in 1918, became Hollywood's first aviation stuntman, and died on camera at 28 before the barnstorming era he created had peaked.
How Ivan Gates turned post-WWI surplus planes and unemployed pilots into America's most famous barnstorming operation, putting over a million people in the air.
Ivan Gates built America's most famous flying circus in the 1920s without ever piloting a plane - transforming surplus WWI Jennys into a nationwide spectacle.
Ormer Locklear invented wing-walking out of in-flight necessity in 1917, became America's first aviation celebrity, and died at 28 during a Hollywood night-dive stunt in 1920.
Ivan Gates turned barnstorming into a scalable business empire that put over a quarter million Americans in airplanes - more than any government program of the era.
Before crossing the Atlantic, Charles Lindbergh spent years as a barnstormer, building the real-world skills that made his historic 1927 flight possible.